![]() In addition, inflammation due to COVID infection is added to this status. Both nutritional and chronic inflammatory status, as it results from different comorbidities and aging, clearly influence the prognostic of COVID-19. It has been also demonstrated that the globulin levels are higher in older people compared with younger people ( 31). The albumin serum concentration has been shown to decrease with age ( 27– 30). Additionally, the increased levels of those parameters are associated with the raised risk of morbidity and mortality in the older subjects ( 26). However, those values are higher in aging people than in the younger population ( 25). Healthy older people have been shown to have low serum levels of CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 compared with older people with comorbidities. The three laboratory values, albumin, globulin, and CRP have been separately reported to be associated with normal aging. In addition, albumin <32 g/L, had a sensitivity and specificity for predicting IVIG-resistance 72 and 83.19%, respectively ( 24). showed recently that the level of albumin is significantly lower [30.40 g/L (27.15–33.35) vs. Thus, the additive effect of both albumin and globulin would not only be a prognostic factor for potential COVID-19 complications during the course of the illness, but also an initial risk index of SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. ![]() ![]() ![]() On the other hand, an increased globulin level may reflect a chronic inflammatory response. Decreased albumin at admission has been an independent risk factor associated with unimprovement during follow-up in COVID-19 patients ( 5). Furthermore, similar results were found regarding MERS ( 4). A low serum albumin reflects a poor nutritional status, liver and kidney dysfunction, and has been shown to be an independent predictor of poor survival in critically ill patients. On the other hand, CRP, albumin, and globulin are readily available, shortly after admittance, and are often part of an admission workup, in general hospitals and particularly in intensive care units (ICU).Īlbumin and globulin are two important components of serum proteins and have been proven to be involved in systemic inflammation. The levels of certain laboratory values that proved to be elevated in cytokine storm (ferritin, procalcitonin, and troponin) may not be available at most hospital laboratories or are mainly used for research purposes (IL-6) ( 2, 3). ![]() In a recent meta-analysis, increased CRP, lymphopenia, and increased LDH were significantly associated with the severity of the disease ( 1). On the other hand, the total white blood cell count and the eosinophilic and lymphocytic count have been decreased in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, significant elevation of C-reactive proteins, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase has been observed. Several laboratory parameters have been analyzed in conjunction with COVID-19. There is a growing interest in identifying individuals who could be at greater risk for developing severe or critical COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults, Kawasaki-like disease in young individuals and children, and even death. The clinical course of patients with COVID-19, and the progression to severe disease, are difficult to predict. ![]()
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